Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Ethics - Essay Example Many religions make claims in the ethics department, but the fact that religion does this is only a coincidence. Many religions address issues of ethics, but many also have directives that go contrary to this universally acceptable concept of ethics. Being religious is not synonymous to being ethical, as evidenced by the many instances in history where extreme violence was spurred by religious motivations, such as the Crusades and the Inquisition, the Muslim jihads, and the violence in Jerusalem. The advocates of different religions are forever squabbling over the superiority and correctness of their own religion, whereby we can conclude, if we are to be rational, that any one of the ethical systems that they advocate are just as contentious as their religion. Religious institutions have vested interests in many areas that may not be ethical. The human experience is largely self-determined, and does not depend on the supernatural. There is a universal morality that transcends such exclusive institutions as religion; solutions to our ethical dilemmas cannot be based upon religion. As Ambrose Bierce puts succinctly, religion is â€Å"a daughter of Hope and Fear, explaining to Ignorance the nature of the Unknowable.† Today many people are not religious, are atheists, even, but their lack of religious affiliation does not exclude them from the realm of ethics. Atheism, agnosticism, or any such lack of religious conviction is often associated (by the religious, no less) with a corresponding lack of morality. But this is not so; although religion does address some ethical issues, this is merely a coincidence; religion, in general, also espouses some profoundly unethical beliefs. Hence religion can, and should, never be a foundation of ethical behavior. Throughout history man has constantly assumed the existence of metaphysical forces that provide a set of rules on

Success and Failure Essay Example for Free

Success and Failure Essay Failure is important and essential part of success because we can gain the skills and particular techniques through numerous experiments, the failure is one of motivations to inspire us to keep trying until achieving success, and the failure helps us to build a type of stubborn character. They agree that failure is the essential part of success and they disagree that failure is a kind of blemish of our lives. For example, they said that success requires that learning from mistakes and missteps along the ways rather than falling into despair and giving up. Failure and success are two opposite meaning, but failure can lead us to success if we can learn from failure and take effort to overcome it and it is inspiring for people who are aggressive to measure how success they can do. I agree with Donald’s article that failure is not the imperfection of lifetime; it is a tool to inspire us and guide us the ways to success. I disagree with Rick’s perspective that failure always shocks us to stop investigation the ways to achieve success with aggressive attitude. That issue is important because the majorities of people only concentrate on how important to success and neglect the value of failure. In their lives, success seems to be the whole idea in education, career and lifetime. They are afraid of failure and they can not to rise again after falling down at once. We should have aggressive attitude to identify why failure is the closer answer to success. Their perspectives of their articles are definitely associated me to spread my scope of the main idea of failure. The discussion raises my original question to â€Å"what level of failure cause people to try again until achieving success without losing confidence?† I might try to add other elements or examples to demonstrate and prove what idea I decide to support.

Divorce is a Life Changing Experience Essay -- essays research papers

Divorce: a personal life changing experience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this ring I thee wed†¦. For better or worse, for richer or poorer†¦. Traditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have children and then one day: Wham! Something is just not right with the relationship anymore, so they opt for the easy way out, the big "D". They get a divorce, is this really the easy way? The legalities and dissolution of the union may be easy and painless, but what about the emotions that are still in tact? Although a divorce may be hard on the adults involved, what about the children? What happens to the kids of these broken marriages?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some parents who are going through a divorce wonder what the effects of their decision to dissolve the marriage will be on the children. Parents worry that their divorce will cause their children emotional problems that will last a lifetime. These worries are not unsubstantiated. Depending on the reasons that led up to the divorce the effects can vary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a product of a broken home, and having my own child which is also a product of a broken home I can relate personally to the lasting effects that divorce has on a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My family consists of five children, which today is considered a large family. Of the five I am the youngest by six years. My parents were married for twenty-eight years before they decided that divorce was the only solution. I was fourteen years old and the one child that suffered the most emotional damage. Because of the many years my parents were married and the wide age difference between my siblings and myself I was the only child still living at home with my parents. The day my dad decided to move out was the day my life changed forever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My parents did not discuss their reasons for the divorce with me, they didn't have to, and I knew the reasons. I had lived the reasons for as long as I was old enough to remember. The arguments, the name calling, the accusations, the past threats to move out. I was well aware of the reasons. Although there was never any physical violence there was enough screa... ...stances but they are all just personal ones and my not be traits of children in every situation. I do know that every child of divorce is overwhelmed with everlasting emotions. I do know that every child of divorce has individual feelings depending on the situation that led up to the divorce and I do know that almost every child of divorce that I know personally, is now or has been divorced as well. I try to structure the teachings of my son about love and life in a way that he will be able to relate when he is older and ready to marry. I want his choice for a partner in life to be just that, his partner for life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although almost all children from broken homes are survivors, they often have lifelong emotional scars. It would be impossible for a child of any age to come through a divorce no matter how civil without some sort of emotional damage. That is why it is so important for the parents of these children to make extra efforts to be a part of their kid's lives. It is vital at any age that these parents stress to their children that even though they (the parents) may not love each other anymore the love they have for them (the children) is unconditional and never ending.

A Summary of Marketing Myopia Essay

Abstract This document summarizes the work of Theodore Levitt in his work published in The Harvard Business Review titled â€Å"Marketing Myopia.† Levitt’s work details the reasons growth industries are actually not that at all, and how organizations fail across the globe in regards to marketing. In addition, the document will correlate Levitt’s work in 1960 to contemporary marketing. Keyword: Theodore Levitt, marketing myopia, contemporary marketing A Summary of Marketing Myopia Marketing Myopia by Theodore Levitt was published by Harvard Business Review in the summer of 1960. According to Levitt (1960), all industries are growth industries and the failure of industries is not because of marketing saturation, but because of management. Levitt uses the oil industry, automobile industry, transportation industry, and electronics industry to support that notion. In addition, Levitt details how population has no effect on business success. Lastly, Levitt summaries what is necessary to avoid the marketing myopia syndrome from an overview. Levitt opens his work by point out that failure is at the top. In a more specific response, failure of the organization rest on the top executives who are responsible for broad aims and policies (Levitt, 1960). To support his idea, Levitt utilized the railroad and Hollywood movie companies as examples. Levitt explains the railroad did not fail because passenger and freight transportation declined, but because the railroad failed to supply the customers’ need (Levitt, 1960). Levitt continues with Hollywood explaining that they did not fail because TV shows; they failed because management classified them as the â€Å"movie† business instead of the â€Å"entertainment† business (Levitt, 1960). Levitt continues to support his notion by indicating what saved Hollywood. Levitt explains, it was not a  resurgence of customers to the movie industry, but in fact was a surge of young new writers. Levitt continues the explanation of Marketing Myopia by ruling out the population myth. According to Levitt (1960), the idea that profits are assured by and expanding and more affluent population is dear to every industry. However; Levitt continues by indicating that this â€Å"myth† is undergoing a fundamental yet typical change (Levitt, 1960). The population myth attempts to explain that if large quantities of people need the product then product development to replace the current item is not necessary. According to Levitt (1960), the petroleum industry’s efforts have focused on improving the efficiency of getting and making its product, not really on improving the generic product or its marketing. Therefore, the petroleum industry owes its continued success to other product developments. In order to avoid â€Å"marketing myopia† companies must make four steps. To begin they must adapt to the requirements of the market, and the faster the better. Second, the company must employ a vigorous leader whose vision and drive set the pace for the company. Third, the entire organization must be customer creating and customer satisfying organizations. Lastly, the company must think of itself as buying customers. Contemporary marketing focuses on the needs of the buyer versus the seller. Levitt’s work with Marketing Myopia relates directly to that point. Businesses are no longer able to sit back and enjoy continued market growth. They must focus on the buyers needs and at the same time take necessary steps to make its own products obsolete. Furthermore, business must focus on what industry they place their product, as with the railroad being in the â€Å"railroad† business rather than the â€Å"transportation† business. In conclusion, Theodore Levitt published Marketing Myopia in the 1960 edition of the Harvard Business Review. The article explains how companies fall to the extinction list in relatively short time periods or are revived by other companies whose product relies on theirs. Levitt explains the four steps companies must take to ensure they do not catch the myopic views. References Levitt, T. (1960). Marketing Myopia. Harvard Business Review, 138-149.

Following directions Essay

â€Å"BOOM! â€Å"sounded off as a little red car hit an 18 wheeler. The owner of the little red car was devastated when he noticed the damage done to his car. He was lost for words. The police officer at the scene said â€Å"Sir calm down †¦ you should have stopped at the stop sign.† The owner of the little red car learned to pay attention & follow directions. It is important to follow directions at all times especially when you’re pregnant, preparing food, and doing an autopsy. Following instructions is very vital when it comes to pregnancy because there’s a life at risk. If you don’t take proper precautions, you may have a miscarriage. If you drink or smoke while pregnant, your baby may have life threatening problems. No mother should have to go through this & it’d occur less often if they would follow directions. When preparing food, it is extra crucial to follow the directions on the recipe. Because if you don’t, your food wont taste right. And if you don’t cook anything that is defrosted all the way through then you might get food poisoning. But if you would have follow directions, you wouldn’t have to worry about those consequences & you can enjoy your food. Following instructions is also very vital when building a house. If you mess up one measurement, the whole house won’t have a solid foundation. If you measure something inaccurately, your house may fall in. If you don’t use tape to paint your house then your lines won’t be straight & they’ll be all over the place. Now had you followed directions, there would be no reason to worry about these consequences. To sum it all up, following directions is very important so you won’t have to worry about the consequences. It is very important to follow directions in life, because without directions, and the ability to obey the given instructions, many unnecessary or unwarranted side effects may occur. This is a basic tenant of not only professional and school life, but everyday life as well.

buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay

buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay The Holocaust was the period between January 30, 1933 and May 8, 1945, a time when Adolf Hitler was at the helm of Germany. The Holocaust is also referred to as Shoah in Hebrew. The Nazi Germany circulated propaganda that the Jews were responsible for the grievances of the Germans, so they made deliberate efforts to fight back. Hitler devised what he called the Final Solution, according to which the Nazis subjected the Jews to harsh treatment, before they started murdering the Jews in cold blood in June 1941. They killed Jews in the Soviet Union, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, among other European nations. The Nazis did not face much resistance in Europe because the majority of the European countries made it difficult for the Jews to leave the continent. In the end, Hitlers operation led to the murder of 6 million Jews, including 1.5 million children. Oskar Schindler was a German businessman who managed to save the lives of over 1,000 Jews from the Nazis. In the movie Schindler's List, the Jews are projected as faint with no means to resist or retaliate against the animosity they went though in the hands of the Nazis. Schindler also shows that the Nazis were determined to make the Jews suffer for all the misery the Germans had gone through, which they blamed on the Jews. Furthermore, it did not matter to the Nazis that some of the captives were innocent children, but what mattered to them is that they carried the blood of the people they loathed so much. This is the same picture painted by Primo Levi, a Jewish author, in his book Survival in Auschwitz. Levi was of Jewish ancestry with an Italian citizenship who was taken into captivity on December 13, 1943 by The Fascist Militia. In his book, he portrays the Jewish population as victims of unwarranted hostility from the Nazis, not to mention that innocent lives were lost during th e Holocaust. Levi goes ahead to say that the Jews did not have the capacity to defend themselves because they lacked the necessary resources including funds, military, expertise, and contacts (Levi 13). In Italy as well, the Fascists and the Nazis had no regard for families, and they bundled all the Jews in detentio camps irrespective of their age. In both the movie and the book, the Jews felt dejected and hopeless because the Shoah caught them unawares, and they did not receive any support from the rest of the world, which at the time was also in war. A person watching Schindlers movie or reading Levis book would agree that the Jewish victims are on the bottom, as Levi prefers to put it in the second chapter. The Jews were on the bottom because they were helpless with no means to fight back for lack of an organized military, funds, and expertise; thus, they sat patiently waiting for death to come. Furthermore, they were caught unawares by the developments that transpired with every new day since they did not have contacts or spies who could leak information to them to help them plan their next course of action. Moreover, the rest of the European countries made it difficult for the Jews to leave the continent, which indirectly put the Jews at the mercies of the Nazis and other pro-Nazis militia (Levi 22). The Jews felt more helpless because the rest of the world did not oppose the brutality of the Nazis. It is also clear that the Jews were despondent because parents could not provide care and protection to their children because th ey did have the power or capacity to do so since they were all held captives. However, there were those parents who managed to send their children out of Europe; but even then, they were disconsolate because they would not be there to raise them. Levi wrote another book called The Drowned and the Saved, which detailed the days that led to the chaotic uprising in October 1944. According to the book, the revolt led to the death of millions of Jews, and only a few survived (Levi 56). Those who survived included Levi, who was a laboratory assistant in a synthetic rubber plant, among other Jews who held positions such as those of waitresses, sweepers, bed-smoothers, messengers, barracks chiefs, kettle washers, night-watchmen, interpreters, and clerks. Those who survived are the saved, and those who died from the bloodshed of the revolt are the ones who drowned. Most perpetrators in the fiilm Schindler's List are portrayed as willing perpetrators of the brutality meted out to the Jewish community. These perpetrators are portrayed as people whose mental universe had been configured to the Nazi ideology, such that they were willing to commit the atrocities in the name of defending the establishment. The two soldiers who shoot one of Schindler's friends go about the killing in a manner that does show any remorse or feelings for the victims. Similarly, the sniper who kills the workers in the field seems to enjoy every bit of his actions; he is not particularly moved by the plight of the suffering. In fact, the sniper indulges in sexual fantasies before he engages in the next killing. Schindler appears to be the only insider that empathizes with the suffering Jews. Others are portrayed as willing tormentors who are very eager to advance the course of their master. Besides advancing the ends of Nazism, this group appears to be bent on the objective of drawing sufficient capital from the plight of the masses. In this film, the Nazi soldiers, who go about burning the bodies of Jews, do not appear remorseful. They undertake the activities with a certain mechanical detachment as if they were burning some inanimate forms. Their actions are governed by hatred and are sustained by the Nazi philosophy of racial exclusiveness. However, it could be argued that many of the perpetrators had not engaged much reflection in the activities that they undertook. This is most evident at the point when Schindler addresses the soldiers who are about to exterminate the Jews in his concentration camp. He tells them that they could choose to go home with righteous consciences or as murder ers of the innocent. He awakens them to the gruesome reality of mass murder such that none of the soldiers is willing to take part in the killing. At this precise moment, the entire platoon walks away sparing the lives of thousands of Jews under Schindler. From this particular example, it could be argued that the perpetrators were brainwashed by the sensational and racist philosophies of Nazism, which shielded their collective conscience from the inhumanity of their actions for the entire period that the Holocaust lasted. Buy custom The Holocaust Victims and Perpetrators essay

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Ageing is the cosmopolitan phenomenon encountered by every human single across the life span. All human existences expect for a healthy and happy old age but non many of them pull off to acquire all those in world. In this current century, universe scenario is altering quickly in the signifier of rise in aged population than earlier. Many developing states including Pakistan are affected by this planetary alteration. A study on planetary wellness and ripening shared recent statistics that in 2010, an estimated 524 million were aged 65 old ages or older doing 8 % of universe population. It is interesting to observe that by 2050 this figure is expected to treble to about 1.5 billion meaning 16 % of universe s population ( WHO Report, 2011 ) . Ironically, in developing states, geriatric population between 2010 and 2050 is expected to increase more than 250 per centum as compared to developed states. Ali and Kaini ( 2003 ) add that this tendency in ageing is the consequence of the demogr aphic displacement in birthrate rates in combination with mortality rates ensuing in ripening of the population ( p. 1 ) . Having a glimpse at our national scenario, it is estimated that the proportion of population 60 old ages and above in Pakistan will increase from 5.8 per centum in the twelvemonth 2000 to 7.3 per centum in 2025 and 12.4 per centum in 2050 ( United Nations, 2002 ) . Reason for the choice of this subject I came up with my thesis subject as every twelvemonth peculiarly on festivals such as Eid, different media channels broadcast plans where positions of aged who are shacking in their shelter places are taken. The oculus catching minute was the hurting and call these ageing parents expressed, when their kids neglected and dumped them in shelter places, when they most need support in their last old ages of life. This event influenced me to work for my thesis in the field of gerontologies. Therefore, in the visible radiation of the important planetary and national figures, the awaited demographic tendency will ensue in more aging population. Increase in ageing will predispose the seniors to endure in chronic unwellnesss, disablements and new disease forms. Another, considerable turning fact is that, due to the displacement of social paradigm, aged population will be the most vulnerable group necessitating wellness attending presently and in the old ages in front. Therefore, it is recomme nded that older grownups should stay socially active in their ulterior old ages ( Bergstrom, Holmes A ; Pecchioni, 2000 ) . The findings from the proposed research part in this country peculiarly in Pakistani context will help in make fulling the spread where aged population can renew themselves without being isolated from societal life, and can populate with quality, self-respect and free of force in their empty nest yearss. Significance of the job Many decennaries ago the construct of force against adult females and kids was objected throughout the universe but researches in these countries have resulted in the protection and formation of Torahs for these groups. Likewise, aged maltreatment is yet another novel and critical public wellness and societal issue that need prompt attending. Infact, it is one of the most serious topic which is under reported nationally and internationally ensuing in 1000s of soundless victims. Numerous surveies are being conducted in the developed states on the assorted facets of the ageing population in order to guarantee optimal quality in the ulterior stage of life clip. However, many of the South Asiatic states including Pakistan are confronting serious challenges of reduced economic system, low nest eggs, high rising prices rates ; fiscal benefits for few per centums of authorities employees, deficiency of wellness insurance coverage are doing the life of this vulnerable group questionable. Apa rt from these brushs, aged population are facing with the diminution of extended household system and the outgrowth of atomic households ( Jalal A ; Younis, 2012 ) . In Asiatic civilizations, many of socio cultural patterns are grounded on construct of extended household system. Old members of the household are taken attention by the immature coevals and it is regarded dishonourable if any senior lives entirely or in nursing place. In add-on to it, this passage has led to the diminution in older determination doing power and place and to bask subsequently old ages with self-respect and dignity. Due to this transition the aged are at hazard, as the younger and more productive members of the household take over, marginalising the aged into places of dependance both societal and economic ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010, p. 2 ) . Another of import alteration that has taken topographic point in the last twosome of old ages is that younger persons are migrating for better employment chances go forthing behind parents with no 1 to care for them, doing aged to populate entirely or they are shifted to shelter places. Sabzwari and Azhar ( 2010 ) supports that one in five patients at the third attention infirmary in Karachi are aged. It is estimated that at least 6-7 % of aged sing geriatric clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi are populating entirely with small aid ( p. 2 ) . Addition in life anticipation has led to significant addition in aging population globally and it is predicted that the universe s aged population will go on to increase with an estimated rate at 67 % residing in developing states by the twelvemonth 2020 ( Karunakara A ; Stevenson, 2012, Aging population subdivision, parity. 1 ) . In Pakistani context, 60 old ages is designated as the age of aged. Jalal and Younis ( 2012 ) portions WHO report that: 5.6 % of Pakistan s population was over 60 old ages of age, with a chance of duplicating to 11 % by the twelvemonth 2025. Pakistan s life anticipation was increased from 45.6 old ages in 1950 to 66.8 old ages in 2008 with a chance of increasing to 72 old ages by 2023 ( p. 2 ) . Hence, the diminution of popular extended household system and rise of calling oriented households, and alteration in familial values compounded by significant addition in ageing, topics older population to maltreatment and this country requires immediate consideration. Jamuna ( 2003 ) rationalizes that a series of developments, such as urbanisation, industrialisation, and migration, and a turning sense of philistinism and individualistic orientations have threatened the civilization of past ( p.129 ) . One important cause for low rate of maltreatment in Asiatic civilizations is conformity to the value of regard for their seniors whereas western civilizations sideline them but dismaying mark is that this malignant neoplastic disease is bit by bit turning in our civilization. Research inquiry Older people are left with infinite jobs in their ulterior stage of life where these old ages are believed to populate in regard, sedateness and dignity with their married kids and grandchildren. On the contrary, this age group has to pass their lives in isolation at place or in shelter places due to neglect and barbarous intervention by them. Although, these old places are answer to most in demand yet they still non supply a solution to bulk of the population. Our civilization despite its gradual transmutation still adheres to the value of caring for their aged at place ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Elder maltreatment is the dismaying public wellness issue nowadays in both developed and developing states. Very small information is available sing the extent of ill-treatment in aged particularly in developing states, it is estimated that 4-6 % of aged people have experienced some signifier of ill-treatment at place. ( WHO fact sheet, 2011 ) . However, older people are frequently afr aid to describe instances of ill-treatment to household, friends, or to the governments. There is no dependable informations or research conducted in Pakistani context, where agonies of these aged populations populating in nursing places could be researched and addressed. Dildar, Saeed and Sharjeela ( 2012 ) references that elder maltreatment and disregard are hard to quantify as these occur in the privateness of the place, establishments and under reported in our state ( p. 662 ) . Based on the above facts and literature I came up with the research inquiry that, what are the experience and the perceptual experience of aged people populating in nursing place in Karachi, Pakistan? Literature hunt scheme Literature hunt was conducted in a systematic manner by using available electronic databases, in order to reexamine and research existing literature related to maltreatment of aged population in nursing place. In order to observe relevant literature, two major databases, CINHAL plus with full text and PUBMED was used. Another hunt engine like Google bookman was besides searched to happen the relevant literature beginnings. These databases were searched for the clip period between the twelvemonth 2000 and 2012. Different cardinal words or combination of cardinal words along with the usage of Boolean operators were used for all hunt engines, like senior maltreatment and nursing places, elder ill-treatment and nursing places. A equivalent word for senior maltreatment like geriatric maltreatment and for nursing place like shelter place was typed on the hunt saloon. Relevant articles were hunted when the key words were written in research rubric, abstract of reappraisal articles of all in formations bases. A separate hunt was carried out for placing the available literature in Pakistan for this intent the term Pakistan was added along with other cardinal words to seek relevant Pakistani beginnings. Mention lists of retrieved articles from these databases were besides checked for relevant literature. Search from all informations bases were narrowed down by the usage hunt filters like twelvemonth scope, gender, age and linguistic communication. For item literature hunt and figure of hits ( See appendix A ) . Literature reappraisal analysis on aged maltreatment in nursing places Definition The topic of senior maltreatment began to have acknowledgment since 1970, and the first roar on senior maltreatment appeared in UK medical diaries in 1975 as granny banging . It was identified by British Gerontologist and the first population based survey was done in USA in 1988. International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse ( INPEA ) defines older maltreatment is a individual or repeated act or deficiency of appropriate action, happening within any relationship where there is an outlook of trust which causes injury or hurt to an older individual ( INPEA, 2002, p. 3 ) . Age bracket for aged is 60 old ages and above. Some anticipations indicate that one million people turn 60 every month and 80 % of these are from the developing universe ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . All the susceptible victims of maltreatment who are 65 old ages or more and enduring from mental upset, chronic disease, and disablement mostly depend on the funded establishments or NGO s but if there is fiscal restraint so these vulnerable groups have to restrict them to place. ( srilanka 2009 ) . There is considerable argument on the definition of senior maltreatment because some civilizations foster certain behaviours that may be considered as maltreatment in different cultural context. In Australia, senior refers to older local people who have specific places of power within native communities. It was recommended that elder maltreatment be replaced with senior maltreatment in an Australian context as it referred to original and senior population ( Ryan, 2009 ) . It can be argued that maltreatment occurs within a relationship where there is an outlook of trust, no affair different civilizations gives different definitions on senior maltreatment. However McFerran ( 2009 ) , asserts that research on domestic force in aged adult females asserts that, it is based on unequal power dealingss and traditional devaluation of adult females, non on relationships based on trust ( as cited in Ryan, 2009, Definition of senior maltreatment, parity. 3 ) . Therefore, irrespective of the type of maltreatment, it will decidedly ensue in pointless wretchednesss, strivings and sorrows, and lessening quality of life of aged. Types of senior maltreatment Elder maltreatment is categorized into five different types: physical maltreatment, psychological /emotional maltreatment, financial/material maltreatment, sexual maltreatment and disregard ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . Most recent informations from USA provinces that, there are about 570,000 instances of senior maltreatment reported each twelvemonth, 55 % of the instances suffer from disregard which is the most common signifier of senior ill-treatment ( Facts on senior maltreatment, 2012 ) . Economic maltreatment is one of the most often reported signifiers of maltreatment, followed by disregard, psychological or emotional and eventually physical maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment of seniors is non reported every bit often as any other type of maltreatment ( Ryan, 2009 ) . Another dimension of senior ill-treatment is that it is non restricted to place environment, hazard is even go forthing them in nursing places, infirmaries and long term attention installations. An empirical survey in New Zealand reveals that psychological maltreatment ( 59 % ) is followed by material/financial ( 42 % ) and physical maltreatment ( 12 % ) were most often identified types of maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment occurred in 2 % of reported instances ( Gadit, 2009 ) . Canada is one of the universe s extremely civilised states studies that 22 % of Canadians think a senior they know personally might be sing some signifier of maltreatment, 90 % feel that the maltreatment experienced by an older individual frequently gets worse over clip ( Govt of Canada,2008, speedy facts on senior maltreatment in Canada ) . Deductions of the proposed research in nursing It is a ambitious undertaking for all wellness attention suppliers to expeditiously measure the aged group so that maltreatment can be identified and reported for the immediate intercessions. Proposed research on this topic will do people cognizant, that elder maltreatment will forestall older members from being favourable and positive members of the society. Furthermore, grounds based cognition on this affair will help in safeguarding and advancing public assistance of the aged clients. Harmonizing to Lachs and Pillemer ( 1995 ) guidelines from the American Medical Association suggest that all older grownups be asked by their doctors about household force, even in the absence of symptoms potentially attributable to mistreat or pretermit ( p. 438 ) . A careful history pickings and interviewing technique is important in placing accurate information on the possible maltreatment. If the force on senior is confirmed so precedence is to guarantee safety of the aged individual by dividin g from the culprit. In the western states, based on their cultural background, bulk of the old age population resides in shelter places. In Karachi, nursing places are managed by private NGO s or spiritual organisations. The Catholic Church runs three old people places in Karachi, and people shacking in these old places pay a minimum fees, and remainder are generated through the church ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Some nursing places are governed by spiritual communities working wihh the aid of voluntary and contribution support. Gadit ( 2009 ) identifies that Edhi Foundation is one glowering illustration of a service where abandoned aged people are housed. These aged people are shunned off by their kids under different stalking-horses like poorness, unwellness among aged and general intolerance ( p. 3 ) . Recommendation for the bar of senior maltreatment A national policy for the publicity of better wellness of the aged was designed in 1999, but execution is yet to be seen. This policy integrated preparation of primary attention physicians in gerontologies, handiness of dental attention, domiciliary attention, and a multi-tiered system of wellness attention suppliers for aged including physical healers and societal workers. ( sabeena jaleel 2012 ) . An of import recommendation is the induction of awareness plans among wellness attention professionals on the topic and the preparation of appraisal tools to observe maltreatment. Another, is the workshops for nursing and medical alumnuss should be conducted to observe and pull off elder maltreatment more efficaciously ensuing in prompt intervention steps. Potential research on assorted facets of attention of aged can press in the development of policy at governmental degree for the protection of geriatric population1. At national degree, electronic and print media can play a cardinal function in raising consciousness on this topic. It can move as a medium for the proviso of specially funded and recreational shelter places, free wellness attention installations, and formation of legislative policies ( Marshal, Benton A ; Barzier, 2000. Research Methodology The research attack which would outdo hole on the research inquiry would be qualitative in nature. I would wish to travel for Phenomenological method as it deals with the truth about world built in people s lived experience ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008, p. 227 ) . This attack can be applicable on those constructs which are cardinal to the life happenings of the human being. The nucleus end is to wholly understand individuals lived experience and perceptual experiences that it will bring forth. Inclusion Standards Inclusion standards will affect all aged people with an age of 60 old ages and above in both the genders. Another would be all aged population life in nursing places in Karachi. Exclusion Standards My exclusion standards would be all aged below 60 old ages of age. Decision

Reasons Why Teens Choose to Have an Abortion

Reasons Why Teens Choose to Have an Abortion Teens facing an unplanned pregnancy choose abortion for similar reasons as women in their twenties and thirties. Teens ask the same questions: Do I want this baby? Can I afford to raise a child? How will this impact my life? Am I ready to be a mother? Coming to a Decision A teen considering abortion is influenced by where she lives, her religious beliefs, her relationship with her parents, access to family planning services, and the behavior of her peer group. Her educational level and socioeconomic status also play a role. According to the Guttmacher Institute, the reasons teens most often give for having an abortion are: Not wanting their lives changed by the birth of a babyNot being able to afford a babyNot feeling mature or responsible enough to raise a child Parental Involvement Whether or not a teen opts for abortion often hinges on a parents knowledge and/or participation in the decision-making. Thirty-four states require some form of parental permission or notification for a minor to obtain an abortion. For teens whose parents are unaware that their daughter is sexually active, this is an additional obstacle that makes a difficult decision even more stressful. The majority of teen abortions involve a parent in some way. 60% of minors who have abortions do so with the knowledge of at least one parent, and a large majority of parents support their daughters choice. Continuing Education...or Not The teen who worries that having a baby will change her life has a good reason for concern. Most teen mothers lives are negatively impacted by the birth of a baby; their educational plans are interrupted, which subsequently limits their future earning potential and puts them at greater risk of raising their child in poverty. In comparison, teens who choose abortion are more successful in school and are more likely to graduate and pursue higher education. They typically come from a higher socioeconomic family background than those who give birth and become teen mothers. Even when socioeconomic factors are taken into consideration, pregnant teens are at a huge educational disadvantage. Teen mothers are significantly less likely to complete high school than their peers; only 40% of young women who give birth before age 18 earn a high school diploma as compared to other young women from similar socioeconomic situations who delay childbearing until age 20 or 21. In the long run, the prospects are even grimmer. Less than 2% of teen mothers who give birth before age 18 go on to earn a college degree by the time they turn 30. Access to Abortion Providers Choice is not a choice when theres little or no access to abortion. For many teens in the U.S., obtaining an abortion involves driving out of town and even sometimes out of state. Limited access shuts the door on abortion for those without transportation or resources. According to the Guttmacher Institute, in 2014 90% of counties in the United States had no abortion provider. Estimates of women who obtained abortions in 2005 indicate that 25% traveled at least 50 miles, and 8% traveled more than 100 miles. Eight states were served by fewer than five abortion providers. North Dakota has only one abortion provider. Even when physical access is not an issue, the parental consent/parental notification laws which exist in 34 states in effect limit access for an underage teen unwilling to discuss the decision with a parent. Teen Pregnancy Before Legalized Abortion The fear and hesitancy teens express at the thought of discussing pregnancy with their parents is deeply rooted in our culture. Past generations regarded teen pregnancy as something deeply shameful. Prior to the legalization of abortion, a pregnant girl or young woman was often sent by her family to a home for unwed mothers, a practice that began in the early 20th century and remained until the 1970s. To maintain the secret, friends, and acquaintances were told that the girl in question was staying with a relative. Teens who were afraid to tell their parents they were pregnant often grew desperate to end their pregnancies. Some attempted self-induced abortions with herbs or toxic substances or sharp implements; others sought out illegal back alley abortionists who were rarely medical professionals. Many girls and young women died as a result of these unsafe abortion methods. Lingering Shame With the legalization of abortion with the Roe v. Wade decision in 1972, safe and legal medical means became available to most of the population, and the procedure could be done discreetly and quietly. Although the shame of teen pregnancy lingered, abortion was a way for a teen or young woman to hide her sexual activity and pregnancy from her parents. High school-aged girls who kept their babies were the subject of gossip and pity among students and parents. Media Depictions of Teen Pregnancy and Abortion Today, those views seem strange and outdated to the many teens who choose to become teen mothers. Mainstream media has come a long way in normalizing the idea of teen pregnancy. Films such as Juno and TV series such as The Secret Life of an American Teen feature pregnant teens as the heroines. Much rarer are depictions of teens choosing abortion- a taboo subject in the eyes of Hollywood. Because teen pregnancy has become almost commonplace in many high schools, the pressure to keep it a secret no longer exists as it did in past generations. More and more teens are choosing to give birth, and a type of reverse pressure now exists, with many teens believing that teen motherhood is a desirable situation. The very public pregnancies of famous teens such as Jamie Lynn Spears and Bristol Palin have added to the glamour of teen pregnancy. Thus for some teens, the decision to have an abortion may be a choice that is criticized by peers who only see the excitement of being pregnant and having a baby. Children of Teen Mothers Teens who choose abortion because they recognize their own immaturity and inability to care for a baby are making a responsible decision; it may not be one that everyone agrees with, but it also cuts short a cycle that is on the rise in the U.S. children giving birth to children. More and more studies indicate that children born to teen mothers begin school with significant disadvantages in learning, do poorer in school and on standardized tests, and are much more likely to drop out of school than the children of women whove delayed childbearing until they reach their twenties. Abortion remains a controversial topic, and a pregnant teen considering abortion often finds herself in the proverbial situation of being between a rock and a hard place. But when finances, life circumstances and rocky personal relationships prevent a teen mother from being able to raise her child in a loving, safe, and stable environment, terminating a pregnancy may be her only viable choice. Sources: In Brief: Facts on American Teens Sexual and Reproductive Health. Guttmacher.org, September 2006.Stanhope, Marcia and Jeanette Lancaster. Foundations of Nursing in the Community: Community-oriented Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2006.Why It Matters: Teen Pregnancy and Education. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, retrieved 19 May 2009.

Leadership Skills in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Skills in Practice - Essay Example Leadership theories are diverse in their nature explaining and establishing different view points on the problem of leadership skills and effective management. Following Boehnke and Bontis (2001) the transforming leader recognizes an existing need for a potential follower, but then moves forward seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs (in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy) to engage the full person of the follower. The followers themselves may be converted into leaders. The main disadvantage is that the transforming leader is seen as a benevolent father who remains friendly and treats the employee as a child and a less experienced person(Barker 2001). The leader provides a model of integrity and fairness with people as well as being one who set clear and high standards of performance (Segriovanni & Glickman 2006). Other characteristics less frequently mentioned include: seeking others' highest good, treating others with dignity, showing respect for others and genuine interest in th em. A transformational leader can be seen to be firm and to reprimand when necessary, to give autonomy to followers, to encourage self-development of followers, to be participative, to be willing to teach followers, and to mix easily socially with followers (Armandi et al 2003). The advantages of participative (democratic) leadership are that it allows greater independence to employees and values individual culture and uniqueness of everyone. Good administration is the hallmark of good management and the proper and efficient use of resources. Managers become leaders when their personality and character, their knowledge and functional skills of leadership are recognized and accepted by the others involved. The main disadvantage is absence of strong power and influence upon employees. Situational leadership allows organizations to overcome current problems and respond effectively to coming changes. Leadership may be exercised from any direction in the space, or any value location, depending upon the dynamic constellation of the pattern of unification polarization in the group at a particular time, thus, depending upon one's value system, leadership at a given time may be malevolent as well as benevolent. Servant leadership is marked by great responsibility to wards society and his follows, the organization and customer. A person may be appointed or elected as leader with the expectation that he or she will lead in a particular direction or directions of behavior and value realization, but may find that to hold leadership under changing conditions of polarization and unification, he or she must deviate from the expected directions, at times even need to controvert them (Hoyle and Wilmore 2002). In contrast to other theories, servant leader does not respond effectively to economic and social changes limited by social responsibility and ethical issues. All the theories mentioned above, transformational and participative (democratic), servant and situational leadership, can be effectively used Tesco and its management. The effective leader for Tesco stores as the kind of

International and comparative education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International and comparative education - Essay Example The concept of gender equity is the stage of human social development whereby the rights, responsibilities and the opportunities available to individuals will not be subject to determine by the fact of being born male or female. In a complete gender balanced situation, it will be possible for aal genders to realize their full potential. There is a major problem of gender imbalance in the education sector, particularly on the participation of the feminine gender. It is apparent that the female gender remains the most to be disadvantaged  on matters of  access to education at different levels. This topic has been under debate in many international platforms as the initiative of enhancing girl child education (Gerntholtz et al., 2011). Basing on this context, it thus leads to the thesis; countries that fail capitalizing on the full potential of gender balance are misallocating their human resources, thus undermining their competitive advantage. This paper is going to analyze on the education system of South Africa and Nigeria with the aim of addressing issues of gender imbalance, focusing particularly on teenage education. The main purpose of the paper aims at justifying how investment in educational gender balance helps in shaping the ability of both the male and female for them to reach their full potential in t he society. The main problems facing the education system worldwide is the aspect of achieving gender balance. Educational attainment is without any doubt, remains the most fundamental prerequisite aimed at empowering women in all spheres of the society. Without having a comparable quality on the content of education provided to the boys and men in society, women will be unable to access well-paid and formal sector jobs. They will also fail to advance within them, be able to participate in, be unable to be represented in government, and fail to gain political influence (Gerntholtz

Reviewing the Literature and Applying Theory Essay - 1

Reviewing the Literature and Applying Theory - Essay Example Ideally, high-quality research evidence helps clinicians to offer the most effective and efficient patient treatment. Indeed, critical appraisal aims at informing health policy and nursing practice by allowing researchers, health administrators, and medical practitioners to compare and assess the quality of the research evidence (Carter, 2010). Through critical appraisal, clinicians establish the most reliable high-quality research evidence for nursing practice. In performing critical appraisal of articles selected for my topic, I will rely on the recommended structured process of analyzing fundamental aspects of the published articles (Jones, Crookes, & Johnson, 2011). I will assess the articles with regard to the quality of evidence, appropriateness of research design, suitability of the research methodology, and usefulness of research evidence to the nursing practice. Assessing whether the articles address the research topic and whether they contain valid, relevant, and reliable evidence will also be paramount (Fineout-Overholt, Melnyk, Stillwell, & Williamson, 2010). I will also derive whether I can generalize the findings of the research article to my practice based on the homogeneity and stability of the contained research evidence. Moreover, I will assess the presence of potential conflicts of interest in my research articles. Fineout-Overholt E., Melnyk B.M., Stillwell S.B., & Williamson K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice step by step: Critical appraisal of the evidence: part I. American Journal of Nursing, 110(7),

Market Structure Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Research Proposal Example A detailed research plan has already been made so as to have blue print of what should and should not be done in the process of research. A detailed search for material has been made. Finally, I got all the material on the basis of which the paper is completed. Secondary data alone is used in the studies which are collected from electronic sources. The data collected are analyzed on the basis of required outcome of the research and only relevant data are written in the paper. No primary source such as market survey or product survey is made for the collection of data and analysis. The paper is prepared in such a manner that each question is followed by its answer so that it will be of immense help to the reader to easily understand the situation. A brief structure of the answer is given below: A perfect market is a situation where there are large number of buyers and sellers and all have free entry to and exit from the market. Firms in the perfect market are price takers. Profit is determined by the number of product marketed and the demand for the product. Monopoly is a market structure wherein one seller meets all the demands of the market. Since he is the only seller in the market, the price determined by him is the final price. However, in many cases the existence of monopoly is justified owing to reasons like natural monopoly, legal monopoly and acquired monopoly. But, if there is proper legislation in the country, the problem of monopoly can be reduced. An imperfect market is one which is not a perfect market. Monopoly, Monopolistic and oligopoly arte the examples of imperfect competition. Bibliography G Stigler, (1957)'Perfect Competition, Historically Contemplated', Journal of Political Economy, vol. LXV. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/perfect-competition.php Yogesh Ambedkar, (2005). What does Market Monopoly mean Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-13-2005-64198.asp Roderick Hill, (March 2006), The Overemphasis on Perfectly Competitive Markets in Microeconomics Principles Textbooks. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.unbsj.ca/arts/economic/documents/Overemphasisonperfectlycompetitivemarkets.pdf Imperfect Competition notes: (n.d.) viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/4032087/-Imperfect-Competition-notes Lecture Outlines (n.d.), Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.humboldt.edu/sh2/econ200/e200notes_week11.htm Investopedia (2008), Perfect Competition, viewed 18 November, 2008, http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perfectcompetition.asp Perfect Competition (n.d.), Economy Watch, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economywatch.com/economics-theory/market-theory/prefect-competition.html Question No. 1.

International Institute of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Institute of Finance - Essay Example IIF has a robust Knowledge space in the form of its website which is used to provide above packaged knowledge in part of full to public and members. Knowledge events include briefings, meetings, seminars, conferences, workshops, staff visits to information sites, collaborative efforts to bring together global financial lenders, etc. Firstly, CRM can help IIF to handle the increase in its membership base (from 150 in 1996 to 20,000 in 2001). CRM will handle list of members with appropriate information, such as contacts, areas of interests, history and other related information. So IIF can create groups and subgroups of members, classify them by various parameters, send them adequate promotion information, and notify them about potentially interesting events. Although IIF does not have revenue goals, all these improvements will raise quality of services, members' satisfaction and loyalty and facilitate work of staff of IIF. Secondly, CRM can provide staff and members of IIF access outside of the office that increases flexibility and mobility for both staff and members. It is true that top managers of banking and financial institutions travel a lot, so access to IIF knowledge base via Internet from anywhere on Earth will be very useful for them. ThThirdly, CRM will provide ground for interaction of members with potential members, for example, via newsletters, online discussions, publications, meetings and other forms of communications. So marketing to potential members will be supported. The proposed CRM is much better then Access database, what IIF is currently using. To begin with, use of Access was limited to IIF premises; its traveling staff could not access it in travel. Also, it had limited versatility in that it abruptly aborted when accessed by more than five users simultaneously. Then, membership-billing system was separate and membership department sent bills manually to members. Similarly events department had to collect events' registration details from IIF website and re-key it in the Access database system. So Access database does not meet current needs of IIF. The new CRM must meet management's strategic objective to have robust activities even with incredibly increased client base and offer members a comprehensive user interface. More importantly, the management wanted an integrated view of CRM, billing, accounting and events management alongside making its databases accessible to mobile staffers and public-members or non-members. The new CRM included not only all of the above in its design but also had the capability to handle increased staffers' research efforts warranted by dynamic economic scenarios in emerging markets. The value of designing the system with an open architecture Before talking about open architecture, I would like to mention that an architecture-first approach would really help in the situation. An early focus on the architecture results in a solid foundation for the 20% of the stuff (requirements, components, use cases and risks) that drives the overall success of the project. Getting the architecturally important components to be well understood and stable before worrying about the complete set of different features should make

Phonetics and you can find every thing in the slide Essay

Phonetics and you can find every thing in the slide - Essay Example 2a) Within the dataset provided there is only evidence of one minimal pair: [kano] â€Å"to make† and [xano] â€Å"to lose† providing evidence of /k/ and /x/ being phonemes because they are contrastive and therefore distinctive. It is unlikely that a language will have only one stop consonant (plosive) so it can be assumed that /t/ and /p/ are also phonemes. The fact that there is evidence of both a voiced /?/and voiceless /x/ velar fricative occurring in the same environments anticipates they are phonemes, and that a voiced counterpart to the labio-dental /f/ and alveolar fricative /s/ would also be found with further data. Evidence also suggests that although the voiced and voiceless pairs of velar fricative phonemes exist they are not found in all situations; for example, /x/ and /?/ occur directly before the back mid vowel /o/ and the low vowel /a/ but not before the high /i/ and mid /e/front vowels and are thus in complementary distribution, wherein we find a voice less alveolar fricative [?] or its voiced counterpart [?]. ... /n/ only occurs between vowels, but because of symmetry it is more likely they both occur as phonemes – within this same argument there may be a velar nasal /?/. Another allophone evidenced in the data is the alveolar trill [r] which is only found inter-vocalically preceding two vowels - in other words a diphthong. It can thus be assumed that the flap or tap /?/ becomes a trill [r] before a diphthong. The difficulty in terms of interpretation in this data set is whether the post alveolar affricate [t?] is a phoneme or an allophone; for want of further evidence and because both the voiced and voiceless post alveolar fricatives occur in the same environment as the post alveolar affricate it is suggested that it is an allophone of /k/ in keeping with the symmetrical pattern of each velar phoneme having allophones preceding front vowels. The only other phoneme not discussed within the list is the back high vowel /u/, which if considered a phoneme provides a five vowel system for C retan. 2b) The following rules would account for the presumed four allophones: /x/ [?] / -- /i/ and /e/ /?/ [?] / -- /i/ and /e/ /k/ [t?] / -- /i/ and /e/ /?/ [r]/ -- /i/ or /e/ 2c) Based on the dataset it is likely that [g] does not exist in Cretan because there is no evidence of any voiced stops; thus it can be assumed that Cretan only has voiceless stops. References Silzer, P.J. 2005, Working with Language: an interactive guide to understanding language and linguistics. SIL at Biola, Department of TESOL and Applied Linguistics, School of Intercultural Studies, Biola University, viewed 14 January, 201,

International Institute of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Institute of Finance - Essay Example IIF has a robust Knowledge space in the form of its website which is used to provide above packaged knowledge in part of full to public and members. Knowledge events include briefings, meetings, seminars, conferences, workshops, staff visits to information sites, collaborative efforts to bring together global financial lenders, etc. Firstly, CRM can help IIF to handle the increase in its membership base (from 150 in 1996 to 20,000 in 2001). CRM will handle list of members with appropriate information, such as contacts, areas of interests, history and other related information. So IIF can create groups and subgroups of members, classify them by various parameters, send them adequate promotion information, and notify them about potentially interesting events. Although IIF does not have revenue goals, all these improvements will raise quality of services, members' satisfaction and loyalty and facilitate work of staff of IIF. Secondly, CRM can provide staff and members of IIF access outside of the office that increases flexibility and mobility for both staff and members. It is true that top managers of banking and financial institutions travel a lot, so access to IIF knowledge base via Internet from anywhere on Earth will be very useful for them. ThThirdly, CRM will provide ground for interaction of members with potential members, for example, via newsletters, online discussions, publications, meetings and other forms of communications. So marketing to potential members will be supported. The proposed CRM is much better then Access database, what IIF is currently using. To begin with, use of Access was limited to IIF premises; its traveling staff could not access it in travel. Also, it had limited versatility in that it abruptly aborted when accessed by more than five users simultaneously. Then, membership-billing system was separate and membership department sent bills manually to members. Similarly events department had to collect events' registration details from IIF website and re-key it in the Access database system. So Access database does not meet current needs of IIF. The new CRM must meet management's strategic objective to have robust activities even with incredibly increased client base and offer members a comprehensive user interface. More importantly, the management wanted an integrated view of CRM, billing, accounting and events management alongside making its databases accessible to mobile staffers and public-members or non-members. The new CRM included not only all of the above in its design but also had the capability to handle increased staffers' research efforts warranted by dynamic economic scenarios in emerging markets. The value of designing the system with an open architecture Before talking about open architecture, I would like to mention that an architecture-first approach would really help in the situation. An early focus on the architecture results in a solid foundation for the 20% of the stuff (requirements, components, use cases and risks) that drives the overall success of the project. Getting the architecturally important components to be well understood and stable before worrying about the complete set of different features should make

Zeitoun by Dave Eggers Understanding Hurricane Katrina Essay

Zeitoun by Dave Eggers Understanding Hurricane Katrina - Essay Example In a single story, Dave Eggers depicts the countless tales of trauma during and after the Hurricane Katrina, in the book Zeitoun. This paper critically examines how Eggers’ narrative in Zeitoun affects the understanding of Hurricane Katrina based on my own experiences with those depicted in the text and how they coincide with the event. Zeitoun is a contemporary nonfiction masterpiece that illustrates the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina. In the book, Abdulrahman Zeitoun is an American Muslim, born and grown up in Syria before settling in the U.S. Zeitoun married Cathy, a native Louisiana Muslim. When Hurricane Katrina began, Zeitoun sends his family to Baton Rouge. Zeitoun stays behind to watch over his home and business. After the devastating storm, Zeitoun crosses the submerged city in a canoe helping trapped people. Zeitoun and two friends are arrested by law enforcement agents in the ensuing counterterrorism efforts. While Zeitoun experienced poor treatment in the hands of the security officers, the book gives clear picture of prison injustices met on the basis of discrimination. A critical analysis of the novel reveals that the author’s main themes relates to racism and the importance of family relationships in post-disaster efforts. With specific regard to the Hurricane Katrina, the book exposes the reader to the government inefficiencies and flaws in handling the disaster. In particular, the book explores the consequences of government inefficiencies such as prison injustices, discrimination and breaking of family ties. Litman (2006) argues that every disaster presents unique problems, and that Katina began with hurricane leading to civil disorder and isolation of people (2). The handling of the Hurricane Katrina has been criticized for various reasons. The Center of Progressive Reform (2005) argues that Katrina was foreseeable but emergency response planning and implementation efforts were poor (6). Although the book does may not paint a complete picture of the post-disaster management exercise, it exposes how long-running government inefficiencies could be exacerbated during disaster management and the consequences such inadequacies have on individuals and families. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was mandated in overseeing both the preparation and response to the disaster. The book shows how FEMA could have lost its focus on mitigating natural disaster. On one hand, the book exposes how efforts from civilian volunteers could have helped in disaster response efforts. This is especially important considering that federal assistance was delayed for many days after the disaster. Criticisms have been raised against the leadership in disaster management. While there was communication breakdown, civilian volunteers could have had an impact in rescuing trapped people. The book uncovers the impact of prison injustices in the investigations of the terror threats following the Hurricane Katrina. For in stance, Zeitoun and other men are arrested and transferred to Hunt correctional facilities while no appropriate charges are preferred. This is especially important because the Zeitoun is not allowed to contact his family or friends. Egger says â€Å"Zeitoun had not been charged with a crime†¦.he did not know why he was being held†¦.in a small room surrounded by soldiers in camouflage demanding he removes his clothes’ (226). From the outset, this statement exposes the violation of human rights issues during the post-Katrina events. The author continues â€Å"

We Need a Traditional Chinese Medicine Essay Example for Free

We Need a Traditional Chinese Medicine Essay Kelly Ross said, â€Å"The U. S. economy was broken long before the Crash of 2008, but its weakness was temporarily papered over by a real estate bubble in the Bush years. † (Ross, 2012) It seems like that we are experiencing a financial crisis right now, but the truth is that our economy system is weaker than what we thought. How do we resolve the underlying problems? Think about China, why is China doing so well? Cheaper labor cost, lager export, or huge householder savings? Anyway, let’s go into Chinese’ core values first and then figure out the reasons which may useful for us. The Confucius is the core of Chinese culture and he is also one of the earliest economists in China. His Confucian theory has been used by Chinese governments to control their people as long as thousands years. Here is the question for today. How does the Confucius’ economics become an antidote to our economic recession? First of all, let’s talk about the Confucius’ view of wealth. His theory is based on morality and it is also the foundation of his economic thought. According to Confucius, â€Å"Riches and honours are what men desire. If it cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If it cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided† (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p 17. ) The Confucius is teaching his students that even though we all want to get wealth, but we cannot get it via sharp practice. We should think about â€Å"Yi(? )† first which comes before gain. â€Å"Yi† can be seen as the word â€Å"righteousness† in English which is also based upon the idea of reciprocity. This idea looks like an opposite idea of self-interest. On the other hand, Adam Smith told us that â€Å"self-interest is ‘good’† (Class ppt. Kuiper. ) Self-interest can stimulate economic growth in the short run but can also bring moral issues for a long term implication. Take a look at our economy today, there are many examples showed us that the lack of supervision is the most common reason for financial crises. What are wrong with our supervision system and moral cognition? We cannot obtain every single penny from the world. If so, our desire will never be satisfied and it can lead us to blot up the resource from our descendants in the future. Money is not the purpose of our life; it is only a tool that services our life. However, this is not meaning that we should avoid wealth. The Confucius said, â€Å"If the search for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 38. ) From this sentence we can see that Confucius is perfervid to earn gain via being an official. Therefore, if it is the right way of getting gain, then he would love to do it, even only being a low- level official with physical labor. Moreover, The Confucius said, â€Å"The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p 19. ) A gentleman should understand and familiar with righteousness. In the orientation of value, the first thing a gentleman should consider is â€Å"Yi†; also, for a gentlemans virtue and morality, â€Å"Yi† is the value of life and it is very important for Confucian. Therefore, virtue and morality will be the gentlemen’s first pursuit. In addition, the Confucianism is always in a moral and political perspective to deal with problems. The Confucius said, â€Å"If a superior love propriety, the people will not dare not to be reverent. If he loves righteousness, the people will not dare not to submit to his example. If he loves good faith, the people will not dare not to be sincere. Now, when these things obtain, the people from all quarters will come to him, bearing their children on their backs; what need has he of a knowledge of husbandry? † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 76. ) From Confucius’ words, we can see that personality trait is most important in the Confucianism. If we can build a wonderful moral system, then we will be able to obtain a political stability, and then, to have a stabile economy. In addition, even though the economy is very tied to people lives and development, it still does not become above to the moral and politician’s primary task in the Confucian. That is an upside down relationship with what we thought today, because we all treat the economy as the most important part of our society. Furthermore, one of Confucius’s points of view is advocating a frugal society and stand against luxury. He thinks that if a government wants to govern the country well, then saving and reduce spending are most important. He said, â€Å"Administration is saving. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 72.) This is not meaning that spending it bad, but we should also do saving as well. Our earth needs a balance as well as we does. However, it is going to lead to a severer resource shortage if we do not change our spending behavior right now. In addition, the Confucius also encourages the government into universal education after they have a stabile economy. He thinks that in order to improve the quality of people we should improve the extent and quality of education, which is a sustaining way to keep our society stabile. According to The Analects of Confucius, â€Å"‘and when they have been enriched, what more shall be done? ’ The Master said, ‘Teach them. ’† (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 77. ) Therefore, we should make our education system stronger as well as our morality system. As economic globalization from today, we are not only need abundant economic resource as our supporter; we also need to be sustained with ideological and ethical system because that is the true basis of our life. Even though there are many different kind of economic activates, productive activate is still one of the most important activates. Also, the Confucius teaches his students that economic activities should be amenable to ethics. We should regain the time which is frugal. Don’t we be touched from him? In addition, here is a sentence shows an epitome of the Confucianism â€Å"There were four things which the Master taught, — letters, ethics, devotion of soul, and truthfulness. † (Confucius, 551-479 BCE, p. 39. ) The Confucius also teaches his students that every choice, which related to praise or blame, and publicity or suppression, depends on whatever they conform to the establishment of the Confucian moral laws and political criterion. As Chinese economy growth today, we may try this â€Å"traditional Chinese medicine† which is from the Confucianism; see if it can help our economy to get better.

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

Teaching Philosophy My personal teaching philosophy will be based off of my role model teachers growing up. For example, my fourth grade teacher, Ms. Juster, was a woman who I will never forget and whose influence made me chose the profession I am working towards today. Like her, I want to stimulate my students into finding their own strengths and desires so they feel more successful not only in a school environment but also in a larger civil community as well. I want my students to see me as a facilitator of learning, rather than a tyrant who harshly judges. Students learn best when they are comfortable and I will allow them, in fact encourage them, to take risks without judging their creativity. Learning cannot occur without stimulation and some amount of genuine care for a subject. Although probably the most difficult task, I will pay most attention to making my students care about what they are learning. I believe classroom experiences should extend into the students real lives. There are always exterior influences that overpower the importance of education, and I want to show students that they need to realize the benefits an education can give them later in life. In literature, this should come more naturally than other academic subjects because we can learn many great morals and consequences through other people’s stories. I will be enthusiastic and a great entertainer to my students, treating them more like a T.V. audience than a ...

King Leopold II and Belgian Imperialism Essay -- European History Essa

King Leopold II and Belgian Imperialism In 1865, King Leopold II succeeded his father to the thrown of Belgium and thus began one of the most brutal and insensitive periods of imperialism ever to exist. From manipulative treaties to straight forward intimidation, Leopold dominated his empire like no other. He was cruel, deceptive, and downright evil, yet it took the world over twenty years to recognize this. The record of King Leopold’s atrocity is an interesting account of how a jealous man could inflict some of the most disgusting forms of oppression upon his fellow members of the human race. When Leopold came to power in 1865, he was incredibly disappointed at Belgium’s lack of power in the imperial world. Every other western European nation by had this time had taken on colonies as part of their empire; and therefore had been acquiring incredible wealth due to their new markets and exploitation of the native peoples they encountered. Belgium, itself, was a small country, and unlike their neighboring nations, they had not yet entered into the colonial scene. This all changed when the famous explorer Henry M. Stanley accepted Leopold’s proposal to return to the Congo acting as an agent of the crown whose mission was to obtain the signatures of all the native chieftains living in the Congo. Using despicable and manipulative tactics, Stanley was able to acquire over 450 treaties which paved the way for the declaration of nearly one million square miles of the Congo River Basin as the property of King Leopold II. The land Leopold had obtained was about eighty times larger than that of Belgium itself. Plus, Leopold was proclaimed the â€Å"sovereign† ruler of all the Congo Free Sta... ...Bibliography â€Å"Africa Imperialism† History of Imperialism. 1998-2002. 5 Oct. 2002. Constitutional Rights Foundation. 2000. 5 Oct. 2002 < http://www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria16_2.html>. â€Å"Leopold II- King of the Belgians† World History: King Leopold’s heart of Darkness. 2000. 5 Oct. 2002 Other Sources http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/World.html#Africa This link brings the leader to a website consisting of many links regarding African Imperialism. http://www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria16_2.html This link brings the reader to a website focusing on King Leopold II of Belgium. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Tielemans/hp50marc.htm This link provides the reader with a short biography of King Leopold II.

Flat Panel Tv and the Global Economy

Q2. â€Å" Flat Panel Televisions and the Global Economy† Vizio is a U. S. company founded in 2002 by William Wang, Vizio CEO, with the idea that everyone deserves to own the latest technology. It is a producer of consumer electronics, primarily produces television sets. It grows fast despite a limited number of staff. Now, there are over 160 employees and it remains the first American brand in over a decade to lead in U. S. LCD HDTV sales. This passage has mentioned two main issues, which are related to what I have learnt in the lecture. They are globalization of production and the reasons for businesses to become international. 1) Globalization of production Vizio has achieved globalization of production. Globalization of production means sourcing of goods and services from locations around the world to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production, for example, land, labor, capital, and energy. Vizio sources the components of televisions around the world. It source panel, electronic components, and processors from South Korea, China, and United States respectively. Assembly of TV is in Mexico, while final product design, sales, and customer service are in California. The final products are sold in retailers, such as Circuit City or Wal-Mart. Globalization of production makes companies more competitive by improving their quality or volume, and lowering their costs. According to William Wang, Vizio CEO, he can undercut his competition because his overhead is low. The company has about 85 employees and they are mainly responsible for technical support or engineering. It outsources manufacturing to Asia because there are low-cost, for-hire factories. 1] Because of reduced cost and high quality TV, it allows Vizio to compete with it rivals, e. g. Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic more effectively. 2) Reason to become international – proactive & reactive There are some initiatives for Vizio to become international. The proactive reason why Vizio become international because it can generate greater profits by reducing costs of acquiring resources. B y souring the television components worldwide and lower cost in labor and factories in Mexico, Vizio gain advantages to reduce its total cost. From Vizio’s perspective, greatly reduced production cost cause it able to offer lower selling price of TV sets to customers. This becomes Vizio’s competitive advantage and allows it to beat its competitors- Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic. From customers’ perspective, they are benefited from falling price and improved living standard because they can enjoy high quality flat-panel TV. The reactive reason is because of the competitive pressure in domestic market. There are many competitors in the United States, for example, Sony, Samsung, and Panasonic. In order to survive, Vizio has to Vizio has to enhance its competitive advantage. Therefore, it source suppliers of the components around the globe, which can offer low cost and high quality products. This makes Vizio’s TV become competitive and attract many customers to buy its products. Globalization also has its pros and cons. One of the advantage globalization is that competitions can increase the quality of products. Since Vizio now have to compete with rivals from worldwide, it has to provide customers with better flat panel TV than Sony, Samsung and Panasonic. Also, competitions force Vizio to create more innovative products so as to attract more customers to buy its products. Customers are thus benefited under globalization. On the other hand, globalization causes companies to lay off employees in home country. Since many manufacturing work are outsourced to China or Mexico, which can provide low cost labor and factories, employees in home countries are laid off because of their high labor cost or the factories in home country are closed down, causing unemployment. Q3bii As there is a trend towards globalization, many firms are involved in cross-broader trade and investment. Managing international business becomes not as easy as managing a purely domestic firm. Managers are now facing more difficulties related to globalization. The issues that managers have to grapple with are as follows. 1) Difference in culture The firms are doing business with many other firms or investing in other countries around the world. Since the countries are not the same, there are differences in cultures, political systems, economic systems, legal systems, and levels of economic development. Because of these differences, international businesses need to vary its practices country by country. Take General Electric as example, GE invest in China on infrastructure. Since China is a communist society, many businesses are still operated by the government although it has opened its market to outsiders to invest in China. Therefore, government is a large customer in China and GE needs to work closely with the bureaucrats. It is difficult for the outsiders, who are not familiar with Chinese culture, to gain cultural sensitivity. Even if they are exposed to Chinese environment, they still need time to learn Chinese Culture. For example, eastern and western people are different in expressing their anger. Western gives unhappy face when they are angry while eastern gives smiling face even they are angry. [2]Therefore, when GE do business with Chinese people, businessmen have to be careful with their conversation with bureaucrats because they may not know bureaucrats get angry or unhappy with them. Since eastern people may not adapt to this cultural difference or may not get used to it, they cannot do business successful with the Chinese. Besides, about punctuality, western are punctual while it is common for eastern to arrive a little earlier or late. When GE do business with the bureaucrats, it is better to come a little earlier. So the government bureaucrats need not wait for too long. Moreover, about confronting a problem, western faces the problem and think about prompt action to deal with the problems while eastern tends to avoid the problems. If eastern managers work in China to manage his subordinates, it is easy for them to have conflicts or argues because of different methods in handling the problems. Eastern managers may force its Chinese subordinates to give prompt action but the subordinates may not get used to it and may feel unhappy or pressure. Therefore, different culture leads to changing management skills and skills doing business. Country managers are often local internationals as they have deep understanding of local language. 2) Which foreign market to enter and which to avoid? It is suitable for the firm to choose economically and politically stable market to invest or cooperate with. Take General Electric as example. It chooses to invest in China because China is a emerging country. Since it is a developing country, it has high demand for infrastructure investments, such as airport and railways to facilitate trade. Without these infrastructures, products imported or exported to and from China become difficult. Globalization is then difficult to take place. Also, China is economically stable. It is the world's third-largest economy in 2007 and contributes more than 5. 5% of the world's GDP. [3] Besides, China is politically stable because there are no wars and riots rarely happen. It is not suitable for company to invest in politically unstable market, such as Iran and Iraq, because wars are usually happen. Otherwise, firms will suffer from political risk resulting in expropriation, confiscation, violence and conflict. Since China is politically stable, there is low possibility for GE suffering from political risk 3) Adaptation for global market When companies do business with countries around the world, it is important for them to beware of the difference in culture. Differences in culture require companies’ products to adapt to local environment for business success. There are some factors encouraging adaptation, for a example, differing use conditions, differing buyer behavior patterns, government regulatory influences. In the case of GE, GE Health Care makes MRI scanners that cost $1. 5 million, while Chinese research center is designing MRI scanners that only priced $500,000. If GE sold scanners that cost $1. 5 million in China, the sales may not be very good because China may not afford this expensive scanner. Even if Chinese companies can afford $1. 5 million, Chinese citizens, who are not rich enough, cannot afford the fee for using MRI scanners. Therefore, GE should seek ways to lower the cost of MRI scanners to better suit the needs of Chinese. GE Chinese research center can serve this purpose because it can easily gain more information about the consumption pattern of the Chinese and design a equipment that is more likely to gain sales. 4) Mode of entry When a company wants to enter a foreign market, managers need to decide which mode of entry is the best. Exporting, Turkey projects, licensing, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned foreign direct investment are the six mode of entry. The six entry modes have their pros and cons. Besides, the higher the profit potential, the higher is the amount of firms’ financial commitment, risk and marketing control. Thus, firms have to seriously consider which global market entry strategy to use. GE use foreign direct investment strategy (FDI) to enter Europe, Latin America, and Asia. The pros of FDI are that GE can have total control over its foreign business. When there are strong interdependencies between headquarters and local operations, total coordination achieved through ownership will guarantee acceptable performance. On the other hand, the current international environment mat be hostile to full ownership by GE. It has to bear all the risk. Reference [1] Kessler K,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Vizio's unexpected flat-panel kin†, USA Today; 2007. [2] Yang L, Differences between Eastern and Western culture, [homepage on the Internet], 2008 [cited 2011 Feb 7], Available from: http://mountainrunner. us/2008/01/differences_between_eastern_an. html [3] Xin H. Hey, hey: Look how China's growing, [homepage on the Internet]. 2007 [cited 2011 Feb 10]. Available from: http://www. atimes. com/atimes/China_Business/II20Cb01. html

Derek Bentely Essay

Why Derek Bentley’s execution was important in changing attitudes to Capital Punishment? For serious crimes, such as murder, the government has introduced a punishment which is known as the Capital punishment. It’s a death penalty for the person who committed a crime. The government believed that the harshness in the punishment would deter crimes and also bring justice to the victim’s family. However, during the 20th centuary, there were concerns questioning the necessity of the death penalty.One of the controversial execution is of Derek Bentley, who was accused of murder and was executed as a result. On Sunday the 2nd November 1952, Bentley, aged 19, and Christopher Craig, aged 16 broke into a London Warehouse, intending to commite the crime of burglary. The arrival of the police at the scene sbotaged their intention and their plan to escape through the roof.In panic Criag shot one of the police, PC Sidney and killed him consequently. Eventhough both Craig and Bentley were charged with murder, it was only Bentley who was executed as Craig was under 18 and a law which was passed in 1933 stating that people under 18 could no longter be hanged restrained the execution of Craig. But the public’s concern was: was the exceution of Bentely fair at all? Since Bentley was known to have learning difficulties and had the mental age of 11, the local people though the execution was utterly unfair. In addition, Bentley didn’t own any weapon nor he pulled the trigger and shot the officer. This strongly suggests the injustice that’s in his execution and the poepl’s denail against it. This particular exceution changed many people’s attitudes toward Capital punishment overwhelmingly. People had gathered outside Wandsworth jail, where they showed great sympathy by singing and praying for him and also were protesting against the decision of the execution. Also, a petion of 200 members asking for the mercy of Bentley was passed around, to which the government showed no remorse to. Many pointed out that the mental age of Bentley is younger than Craig’s and this led to these protests against the useage of Capital punishment. To conclude, Bentley’s execution was one of the principal elements that has been the cause to abolish the Capital punishment and changed many people’s views as  it was inquitable to sentence someone with mental disabilities and who had not even committed murder to death.

‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding Essay

Compare and Contrast the characters of Ralph and Jack and comment on their roles in the novel? ‘Lord of the Flies’ is an allegory, a simple adventure story that also has deeper meaning. Golding uses the characters of Ralph and Jack to illustrate the battle between right and wrong within society. Both have dominant characters but use methods that contrast in many ways. They have different expectations of others and of the island itself, and have opposing priorities and objectives. It is necessary to examine their different character traits in detail, in order to understand how these influence the development of life on the island. At Jack’s first appearance in the novel, we recognise him as a natural leader. Jack is the head of the choir and a strict disciplinarian. â€Å"Choir! Stand still!† However, throughout this encounter, he maintains control and dignity. Jack has complete confidence in his decisions. He cannot be accused of worrying people by being indecisive as he always has clear and definite opinions. â€Å"I ought to be chief †¦ I can sing C sharp†. However, his black cloak and red hair are hints of a dark and fiery side to his character. These were the main colours of the Nazi Party flag. Gradually we see Jack changing from an authoritarian leader into something much more ruthless, casting him as a type of Hitler. In contrast, Ralph first appears fun-loving and carefree, sounding like a typical public school boy, â€Å"wacco – wizard – golly†. He is excited at the prospect of an adventure at the beginning, not considering the implications of being alone and coping on the island, standing on his head when he does not know what to do. â€Å"Forced at last to believe in the reality of the island, laughed delightedly again and stood on his head†. Ralph is an instinctive person who has a tendency to rush into things before considering the consequences. This shows his immaturity. Ralph is therefore quite childish and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve at times. Later in the novel Ralph looks back with regret at â€Å"that first enthusiastic exploration as though it were part of a brighter childhood†. Despite this, Ralph shows himself to be a strong character who often displays clear authority during the novel. He desires order, calling assemblies and using the conch, the symbol of democracy and civilisation, â€Å"Ralph felt a kind of reverence for the conch.† This shows Ralph’s belief in democracy. He tries to treat people as equals, including characters like Piggy. He cares for others and is compassionate, especially to the â€Å"littluns†. Ralph also shows his assertiveness when dealing with Piggy, â€Å"Better Piggy than Fatty,† he said at last, with the directness of genuine leadership.† He is also courageous confronting the tribe when they steal Piggy’s glasses calling Jack â€Å"a beast and a swine and a bloody, bloody thief†. Ralph’s physical appearance also favours him. He is tall, agile, a good swimmer with â€Å"a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaim no devil.† This is a clear indication of Ralph’s character. However, he does not convey as much confidence as Jack. Ralph can appear the weaker of the two by depending on Piggy for advice. This is probably because he has had no experience of leadership and therefore lacks confidence. Simon suggests Ralph needs to be firmer â€Å"you’re chief, you tell ’em off† However Ralph could also be seen as open-minded. He is always prepared to listen to both sides of an argument without forcing his own opinions. Ralph has an optimistic character, never questioning that rescue will come. Ralph earns the respect of the boys and gains their trust. Jack rules through fear. It is a sign of Ralph’s good judgement that he delegates responsibility and trusts Piggy, having respect for his advice. Although like everyone else he becomes more savage in order to survive, unlike Jack he does not take this to extremes. Ralph becomes aware of his filthy appearance â€Å"with a little fall of his heart†. After Simon’s death he says, â€Å"I’m frightened of us.† In contrast, Jack becomes a good keen hunter and relishes this role. Increasingly he begins to adopt animal-like methods â€Å"down like a sprinter† as if he is ready to sniff out the scent. Jack can be very determined, and will persevere. At first, Jack is unable to kill the pig, but he shows promise of completing the task in hand â€Å"†¦I shall! Next time!† Soon his obsession with killing the pig takes over and he can no longer keep his basic instincts under control. There are hints that Jack finds it harder to keep a clear head. Jack â€Å"†¦frowned in an effort to attain clarity,† showing that he was beginning to lose concentration and control. Jack forgets about home and has no wish to get off the island. Soon, he has no priorities, other than to hunt and kill. Jack becomes increasingly tyrannical towards everyone. The longer the boys are on the island the worse he becomes. At first Jack targets most of his aggression at Piggy. This seems to be a coping mechanism when things are going wrong. Jack uses Piggy to vent his frustration physically. He seems to feel his only way of control is through violence. Jack shows himself to be a bully, and respect is not given to Jack voluntarily, he demands it. The reason why people obey him is through terror. His followers become known as â€Å"the Tribe† symbolising their loss of individual identity. As Jack’s dictatorial style develops he shows himself to be very narrow-minded and expects people never to question him. He will not listen to anyone’s opinion. â€Å"Bollocks to the rules!† the phrase Jack uses to dismiss democracy. From the beginning, Jack is consistently rude to Piggy. He is a very judgmental person, and he takes Piggy at face value. Jack does not look for the best or show any sign of accepting people for who they are. He has no consideration for people’s feelings. Eventually any suggestions given to Jack are taken as a threat. Jack shows no remorse. A good example of this is the incident concerning the fire. The fire is the symbol of safety and of destruction – of power and of hope. The Hunters whom Jack leads can be viewed in the same way. A symbol of safety when obtaining food, but of destruction when blindly killing. By neglecting the fire, Jack shows himself to be unreliable, forsaking the group in favour of his own interests and priorities. He does not admit to being at fault or apologise, but retaliates with aggression. It is easy to understand why Jack is viewed as the obvious leader. He came to the island with experience of holding a responsible position. Ralph, however, has a more spontaneous approach. He is less rigid and seems able to adapt to the changing circumstances. Throughout their time on the island we see Jack and Ralph changing due to their environment and the pressures which they face. Often Ralph rises to the challenge with fairness and clear thinking, but the weight of responsibility causes extreme stress. â€Å"A strange thing happened in his head. Something flittered there in front of his mind like a bat’s wing, obscuring his idea.† Jack however becomes increasingly violent and degenerates into an overpowering dictator. ‘Lord of the Flies’ was written by Golding to highlight some of the relevant issues of the day. Published in 1954, there was a strong worldwide movement against dictators and fascism following the Second World War. The division between Ralph and Jack highlights the gulf between good and evil, â€Å"two continents of experience and feeling, unable to communicate†. Jack’s role symbolises fallen mankind, degenerating as the novel progresses into ultimate sin and savagery. Ralph also becomes aware of the â€Å"darkness of man’s heart†. Ralph’s failure to maintain democracy symbolises mankind’s failure to deal with our own sinful natures. â€Å"Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.†